ecs/ecs.odin

package ecs

import "core:container/queue"
import "core:fmt"
import "core:log"
import "core:time"

Entity :: struct {
    id: Entity_ID,
    generation: Entity_Generation,
}

Entity_ID :: distinct u32
Entity_Generation :: distinct u32

INVALID_ENTITY :: Entity { id = 0, generation = 0 }

entity_valid :: proc(entity: Entity) -> bool {
    return entity != INVALID_ENTITY
}

entity_old :: proc(world: ^World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
    if !entity_valid(entity) {
        return false;
    }

    current_gen := world.entity_generations[entity.id]
    return entity.generation < current_gen
}

Component_Storage :: struct {
    data:  []typeid,
    alive: []bool,
}
Component_Registry :: map[typeid]Component_Storage

// IDEA: SS - Add a 'World_State' variable that contains the 'tick' variable and entities? Idk. All the things that are "dynamic".
World :: struct {
    name: string,
    component_registry: Component_Registry,

    entity_id_queue: queue.Queue(Entity_ID),
    entity_generations: []Entity_Generation,

    tick: Tick,
    systems: []System,
}

create_world :: proc(name: string, max_entities: u32, components_to_register: []typeid, systems: []System) -> (^World, bool) {
    world := new(World)
    
    registry, err := make(Component_Registry, max_entities)
    if err != .None {
        free(world)
        return nil, false
    }
    
    world.component_registry = registry

    for c in components_to_register {
        // log.infof("Registered component '%v'.", c)
    
        if c in world.component_registry {
            // log.warnf("Component '%v' already registered.", c)
            continue
        }
        
        world.component_registry[c] = Component_Storage {
            data  = make([]typeid, max_entities),
            alive = make([]bool,   max_entities)
        }
    }

    { // Set up the world's queue of available entity-ids.
        assert(u64(max_entities) <= u64(max(int)))
        queue.init(&world.entity_id_queue, capacity = int(max_entities))
        for i in 0..<max_entities {
            queue.push_back(&world.entity_id_queue, Entity_ID(i))
        }
    }

    { // Set up the world's array of entity-generations.
        world.entity_generations = make([]Entity_Generation, max_entities)
    }

    { // Systems.
        // Add the systems to the world and set a reference to this world.
        world.systems = systems
        for &s in &world.systems {
            s.world = world
        }

        // Then initialize them.
        init_systems(world)
    }

    return world, true
}

destroy_world :: proc(world: ^World) {
    assert(world != nil)

    for c, e in &world.component_registry {
        delete(e.data)
        delete(e.alive)
        
        delete_key(&world.component_registry, c)
    }

    clear(&world.component_registry)
    delete(world.component_registry)

    queue.destroy(&world.entity_id_queue)

    delete(world.entity_generations)

    { // Systems.
        // Dispose the world's systems.
        dispose_systems(world)
        world.systems = nil
    }

    free(world)
}

create_entity :: proc(world: ^World, loc := #caller_location) -> (Entity, bool) {
    // Try to get a free entity.
    id, ok := queue.pop_front_safe(&world.entity_id_queue)
    if !ok {
        log.warnf("Failed to create entity - no id to pop from the world's (%v) queue of IDs. Location: %v", world.name, loc)
        return INVALID_ENTITY, false
    }

    // Grow a generation.
    gen := &world.entity_generations[id]
    gen^ += 1;

    return Entity {
        id = id,
        generation = gen^,
    }, true
}

destroy_entity :: proc(entity: ^Entity, world: ^World, loc := #caller_location) -> bool {
    assert(entity != nil)

    if !entity_valid(entity^) {
        log.warnf("Failed to destroy entity %v - entity is invalid. Location: %v", entity, loc)
        return false
    }

    // Return the entity's ID to the world's queue.
    queue.push_back(&world.entity_id_queue, entity.id)

    // Reset the entity's components.
    for c, v in &world.component_registry {
        if v.alive[entity.id] {
            v.alive[entity.id] = false
            v.data[entity.id] = {}
        }
    }

    entity^ = INVALID_ENTITY
    
    return true
}

add_component :: proc(entity: Entity, world: ^World, component: $T, loc := #caller_location) -> (^T, bool) {
    if !entity_valid(entity) {
        log.warnf("Failed to add component %v - entity is invalid. Location: %v", typeid_of(T), entity, loc)
        return nil, false
    }

    _, has_component := get_component(T, entity, world)
    if has_component {
        log.warnf("Failed to add component %v - entity already has this component on it. Location: %v", typeid_of(T), entity, loc)
        return nil, false
    }

    if entity_old(world, entity) {
        log.warnf("Failed to add component %v - entity %v is old. Location: %v", typeid_of(T), entity, loc)
        return nil, false
    }

    component_storage := &world.component_registry[T]
    if component_storage == nil {
        log.warnf("Failed to add component %v - component does not exist in the registry. Location: %v", typeid_of(T), loc)
        return nil, false
    }
    comp := transmute(^T)(&component_storage.data[entity.id])
    comp^ = component

    component_storage.alive[entity.id] = true
    
    return comp, true
}

has_component :: proc(t: typeid, entity: Entity, world: ^World, loc := #caller_location) -> bool {
    if !entity_valid(entity) {
        log.warnf("Failed to check if entity has component %v - entity %v is invalid. Location: %v", t, entity, loc)
        return false
    }

    if entity_old(world, entity) {
        log.warnf("Failed to check if entity has component %v - entity %v is old. Location: %v", t, entity, loc)
        return false
    }

    component_storage := &world.component_registry[t]
    if component_storage == nil {
        log.warnf("Failed to get component %v - component does not exist in the registry. Location: %v", t, loc)
        return false
    }

    if !component_storage.alive[entity.id] {
        return false
    }

    return true
}

get_component :: proc($T: typeid, entity: Entity, world: ^World, loc := #caller_location) -> (^T, bool) {
    if !has_component(T, entity, world) {
        return nil, false
    }
    
    component_storage := &world.component_registry[T]
    comp := transmute(^T)(&component_storage.data[entity.id])
    return comp, true
}

remove_component :: proc($T: typeid, entity: Entity, world: ^World, loc := #caller_location) -> (bool) {
    component_storage := &world.component_registry[T]
    if component_storage == nil {
        log.warnf("Failed to remove component %v from entity %v - component does not exist in the registry. Location: %v", typeid_of(T), entity, loc)
        return false
    }
    
    if comp, ok := get_component(T, entity, world); ok {
        comp^ = {}
        component_storage.alive[offset_entity_id(entity.id)] = false
        return true
    }

    return false
}

Tick :: distinct u64

System :: struct {
    name: string,
    state: rawptr,
    world: ^World,

    init, dispose: proc(world: ^World, state: rawptr) -> bool,
    tick: proc(world: ^World, state: rawptr),
}

create_system :: proc(
    name:       string,
    state:      $T,
    init, dispose: proc(world: ^World, state: rawptr) -> bool,
    tick: proc(world: ^World, state: rawptr),
    allocator := context.allocator,
) -> System
{
    return System {
        name = name,
        state = new_clone(state, allocator),
        init = init, dispose = dispose,
        tick = tick,
    }
}

@(private="file") init_systems :: proc(world: ^World) {
    for &s in &world.systems {
        assert(&s != nil)

        if s.init != nil {
            s.init(world, s.state)
        }
    }
}

@(private="file") dispose_systems :: proc(world: ^World) {
    #reverse for &s in &world.systems {
        assert(&s != nil)
        
        if s.dispose != nil {
            s.dispose(world, s.state)
        }

        free(s.state)
        s.state = nil
    }

    world.systems = nil
}

tick :: proc(world: ^World) {
    sw: time.Stopwatch

    for &s in &world.systems {
        assert(&s != nil)
        assert(s.tick != nil)

        time.stopwatch_reset(&sw)
        time.stopwatch_start(&sw)
        {
            s.tick(world, s.state)
        }
        time.stopwatch_stop(&sw)
        
        // TODO: SS - Reintroduce this at some point. Really nice for debugging! :)
        // system_tick_time := time.stopwatch_duration(sw)
        // fmt.printfln("System '%v' took %v ms.", s.name, time.duration_milliseconds(system_tick_time))

    }

    world.tick += 1
}

Query :: struct {
    entities: [dynamic]Entity,
    include, exclude: [dynamic]typeid,
}

Query_Types :: []typeid

create_query :: proc(world: ^World, include: []typeid, exclude: []typeid = {}) -> Query {
    query: Query

    // TODO: SS - Verify that the same component/typeid doesn't exist in both the include AND the exclude list.

    query.entities = make([dynamic]Entity, 0, 1024) // NOTE: SS - Start capacity is hardcoded.
    query.include = make([dynamic]typeid, 0, len(include))
    query.exclude = make([dynamic]typeid, 0, len(exclude))

    append_elems(&query.include, ..include)
    append_elems(&query.exclude, ..exclude)
    
    return query
}

destroy_query :: proc(query: ^Query) {
    delete(query.entities)

    delete(query.include)
    delete(query.exclude)
}

entities_alive_with_component :: proc(type: typeid, world: ^World) -> u32 {
    component_storage := &world.component_registry[type]
    assert(component_storage != nil)

    // Check how many entities have this component.
    amount := u32(0)
    for alive, i in component_storage.alive {
        if alive {
            amount += 1
        }
    }

    return amount
}

query_entities :: proc(world: ^World, query: ^Query) -> []Entity {
    assert(query != nil)
    clear(&query.entities)
  
    // Begin with the types-to-include.
    component_with_fewest_entities: typeid = nil
    amount_of_entities_with_component := max(u32)
    
    for t in query.include {
        amount := entities_alive_with_component(t, world)

        if amount == 0 {
            continue
        }

        // If this component has less entities than 'amount_of_entities_with_component', we assign it as the 'component_with_fewest_entities'.
        if amount < amount_of_entities_with_component {
            amount_of_entities_with_component = amount
            component_with_fewest_entities = t
        }
    }

    assert(component_with_fewest_entities != nil)
    assert(amount_of_entities_with_component > 0)
    
    // fmt.printfln("component_with_fewest_entities: %v (%v)", component_with_fewest_entities, amount_of_entities_with_component)

    // Add all entities with the 'component_with_fewest_entities' component.
    component_storage := &world.component_registry[component_with_fewest_entities]
    for alive, i in component_storage.alive {
        if alive {
            id := Entity_ID(i)
            generation := world.entity_generations[id]
            
            append(&query.entities, Entity {
                id = id,
                generation = generation,
            })
        }
    }

    // Remove entities that don't have the other 'include'-components.
    #reverse for entity, i in query.entities {
        for t in query.include {
            if t == component_with_fewest_entities {
                continue
            }
            
            if !has_component(t, entity, world) {
                unordered_remove(&query.entities, i)
            }
        }
    }

    // Remove entities that have any of the 'exclude'-components.
    #reverse for entity, i in query.entities {
        for t in query.exclude {
            assert(t != component_with_fewest_entities) // We should not be here. A component that is in the 'include' part of the query can't be in the 'exclude' part of the query too.
            
            if has_component(t, entity, world) {
                unordered_remove(&query.entities, i)
            }
        }
    }

    return query.entities[:]    
}